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Japanese Particle Practice

Fill-in-the-blank exercises for ha, ga, wo, ni, de, he, to and more.

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Particle Quick Reference

は (wa)

Topic marker

わたしはたなかです。 - I am Tanaka.

が (ga)

Subject marker

ねこがいます。 - There is a cat.

を (wo)

Object marker

りんごをたべます。 - I eat an apple.

に (ni)

Direction / time / location

がっこうにいきます。 - I go to school.

で (de)

Location of action / means

えきでまちます。 - I wait at the station.

へ (e)

Direction (toward)

にほんへいきます。 - I go to Japan.

と (to)

And (exhaustive) / with

ともだちといきます。 - I go with a friend.

も (mo)

Also / too

わたしもがくせいです。 - I am also a student.

の (no)

Possession / of

わたしのほん - My book

から (kara)

From

9じからはたらきます。 - I work from 9 o'clock.

まで (made)

Until / to

5じまではたらきます。 - I work until 5 o'clock.

About Particle Practice

What Are Japanese Particles?

Japanese particles (助詞, joshi) are small words, usually one or two hiragana characters, that mark the grammatical function of the words they follow. They indicate the subject (が), topic (は), object (を), direction (に/へ), location (で), and many other relationships in a sentence.

Particles are one of the most challenging aspects of Japanese for Nepali speakers because Nepali uses postpositions differently. While Nepali has similar word-order flexibility, Japanese particles have specific rules and nuances that require dedicated practice to master.

Key Particles for the JFT-Basic Exam

The JFT-Basic exam heavily tests the core particles: は (topic), が (subject), を (object), に (time/direction/location), で (location of action/means), と (with/quotation), から (from), まで (until), の (possession), and も (also). These ten particles cover the vast majority of exam questions.

Pay special attention to the differences between に and で for location, and between は and が for marking subjects. These distinctions are tested frequently and are common sources of errors even for intermediate learners.

How This Practice Tool Works

This tool provides 50 carefully crafted exercises that test your understanding of Japanese particles in context. Each question presents a sentence with a missing particle, and you must select the correct one from multiple choices. Immediate feedback explains why the correct answer is right.

The exercises progress from basic particle usage to more nuanced situations where multiple particles might seem correct. Working through all 50 exercises gives you comprehensive coverage of the particle patterns most likely to appear on the JFT-Basic exam.

Particle Tips for Nepali Speakers

Nepali speakers often confuse に and で because both can indicate location. Remember: に marks where something exists or the destination of movement (学校にいます, I am at school), while で marks where an action takes place (学校で勉強します, I study at school). Think of に as static location and で as the stage for an action.

The topic particle は has no direct equivalent in Nepali. It marks what the sentence is about, not necessarily the grammatical subject. Understanding は versus が is a gradual process, so do not worry if it takes time to feel natural.

Common Particle Mistakes to Avoid

The most common mistake is using を with intransitive verbs of movement. While 道を歩く (walk along the road) uses を for the path, movement destination verbs like 行く and 来る take に or へ, not を. Another frequent error is using は in subordinate clauses where が is required.

Overusing the topic particle は is also common among beginners. Not every sentence needs は. In answer sentences, new information is typically marked with が rather than は. Practice exercises like ours help you develop an intuitive sense for these patterns.

How to Use Particle Practice

Read the Japanese sentence with a blank where the particle should go.

Choose the correct particle from the multiple-choice options.

Check your answer and read the explanation if you got it wrong.

Move to the next question and continue practicing.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many Japanese particles are there? +

Japanese has approximately 80 particles in total, but only about 15 to 20 are commonly used in everyday conversation and tested on the JFT-Basic exam. Mastering the core ten particles (は, が, を, に, で, と, から, まで, の, も) will cover the vast majority of situations you encounter in the exam and daily life.

What is the difference between は (wa) and が (ga)? +

は marks the topic of a sentence, the thing being talked about, while が marks the grammatical subject, often introducing new information. For example, 田中さんは学生です (as for Tanaka, he is a student) versus 田中さんが学生です (Tanaka is the one who is a student). This distinction is one of the most nuanced aspects of Japanese grammar.

Why are particles so difficult for Nepali speakers? +

While Nepali also uses postpositions after nouns, Japanese particles have different rules and more subtle distinctions. The は/が distinction, the に/で location difference, and particles that have no Nepali equivalent (like も for "also") require building new grammatical intuitions. Regular practice with contextual exercises is the most effective way to develop this sense.

Which particles are most tested on the JFT-Basic? +

The JFT-Basic most frequently tests は, が, を, に, and で because these are the fundamental sentence-building particles. Questions often appear in the reading section as fill-in-the-blank exercises and in the listening section where correct particle choice changes the meaning of what speakers are saying.

How can I practice particles beyond this tool? +

After completing these 50 exercises, reinforce your particle knowledge by reading simple Japanese texts and consciously noting which particle is used and why. Try writing your own sentences using each particle, and take JFT Guru mock tests where particle usage appears in real exam-style questions. Consistent exposure through reading and listening builds lasting particle intuition.

Do particles change meaning in different contexts? +

Yes, several particles have multiple functions depending on context. For example, に can indicate time (3時に), destination (学校に行く), location of existence (部屋にいる), or indirect object (友達にあげる). The particle で can indicate location of action (学校で), means (バスで), or reason (病気で). Context determines which meaning applies in each sentence.